Pneumatic hammer.



PATENTED JAN; 29', 1907.

M. HABDSOGG. PNEUMATIC HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED JUL 28, 1804.

THE NDRRIS PETERS no. WASHINGTON nv L MARTIN HARDSOCG, OF OTTUMWA, IOWA.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 29, 1907.

A raisal filed Jul 28,1904. $erial No. 218.546.

To all] whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN HARnsoce, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ottumwa, in the county of Wapello and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Hammers,

- of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates more especially to the construction of the main frame .or cylinder of the hammer.

The ordinary construction of main frame or cylinder employs a single tube or casing, the interior chamber of which is flanged and grooved to form the necessary bearings and channels for the admission of pressure and for supporting the hammer proper, so that it is free to reciprocate and deliver the blow. The forming of the various guides or supports and the various channels or chambers in the interior of the main frame or cylinder requires skill and time in order to have a perfect device.

The object of the present invention is to simplify and improve the construction of the main frame or cylinder as regards the manner of forming in the interior thereof the re quired bearings or guides and channels or chambers, to construct the interior of the main frame or cylinder with rings of Varying thicknesses and of different widths and locating the rings within an outer shell or casing, so that when in place the result will be a main frame or cylinder having an interior with the requisite arrangement of bearings or guides and channels or chambers, to lock .the rings composing the interior of the main frame or cylinder by a ring or band around the holder or chuck for the tool and a ring or band inserted in the rear end of the outer shell or casing and fixedly held in place, to improve the construction and arrangement of the closing-plug for the rear end of the main frame or cylinder and the arrangement of ports and passages for supplying pres sure to operate the hammer proper, to improve the construction and arrangement of the parts composing the holder or chuck for the tool, to furnish a pressure by which the holder or chuck for the tool will be cushioned, and after the blow of the hammer has struck cause the holder or chuck for the tool and the tool to recoil from the admitted pressure forward of the rear end. of the tool holder or chuck, and to improve generally the construction and arrangement of the parts entering into the formation of the main frame or cylinder, the closing-plug for the rear end of the main frame or cylinder, and the tool holder or chuck.

The invention consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the outer shell or casing, the rings composing the interior of the main frame or cylinder, and the tool holder or chuck, with the closing-plug for the rear end of the main frame or cylinder in elevation; Fig. 2, a similar view to Fig. 1, except that the hammer proper is shown inposition and the tool holder or chuck is shown partly in section and partly in elevation Fig. 3, an elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the tool holder or chuck; Fig. 4, a detail in cross-section of the guide ring or sleeve surrounding the neck of the tool holder or chuck; Fig. 5, a cross-section tion on line 6 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 6 a crosssection on line 7 of Fig. 1.

The outer shell or casing A'of the main frame or cylinder can be made of any suitable metal or material and of a diameter in cross: section and a length to suit the size of ham mer desired. The forward end of the outer shell or. casing A has an inwardly-extending rim or flange a with a hole a, and immediately back of the rim or flange A is a chamber M, in which is located the sleeve or guide for the tool holder or chuck, hereinafter described. At the terminus of the chamber a within the interior ofthe outer shell or casing A, is located a ring or section of tube B, the

interior of which forms a chamber 1), into which the pressure by which the hammer proper is advanced to strike a blow escapes at-the limit of the advance of the hammer proper. Adjacent to and abutting against the ring or tube-section B is a ring C, the wall. of which is thicker than the wall of the ring or tube-section B and the interior face of which forms a guide and support 0 for the body of the hammer proper. Adjacent to and abutting against the ring C is a ring D, the wall of which is of less thickness than the wall of the ring C and the interior of which forms a passage (1 around the body of the hammer proper, from which passage through the wall of the ring lead ports or holes (1 in communication with passages for pressure formed in the inner face of the outer shell or casing. Adjacent to and abutting against the ring D is a ring E, the wall of which is slightly thicker than the wall of the ring D and the interior of which forms a passage e around the body of the hammer proper for admitting pressure from the passage (1 to enter the interior of the hammer and force the hammer forward. Adj acent to and abutting against the ring E is a ring F, the wall of which is thinner than the wall of the ring E and the interior of which forms a chamber or channelf around the head or enlarged end of the hammer proper, into which chamber pressure flows through the passage 6 to enter the interior of the hammer proper. Adjacent to and abutting against the ring F is a ring G, the wall of which is thicker than the wall of the ring F and the inner face of which forms a guide and support 9 for the head or enlarged end of the hammer when in normal position. Adj acent to and abutting against the ring G is a ring H, the wall of which is thinner than-the wall of the ring F and the interior of which forms a chamber h at the rear end of the hammer proper.

The arrangement shown for the various rings has the ring or tube-section B of considerable length, and the remaining rings C, D, E, F, G, and H vary in width or length, so as to form the proper width or length of guides or supports andchambers or channels for locating the hammer proper in position and supplying pressure to force the hammer forward and for exhausting pressure at the end of the blow or stroke on the hammer, and these several rings by the varying thickness of their walls form the interior of the main frame or cylinder, having guides or supports and channels or chambers properly located and arranged to suit the requirements of use in operating the hammer proper from admitted fluid-pressure.

The ring H teririnates at its rear end or edge forward of the rear end of the outer shell or casing A, and extending from the rear end face or edge of the ring H to the rear end of the outer shell or casing is a ring or shell having an enlarged portion 1 and a contracted portion I, the end face or edge of the contracted portion I abutting against the end face or edge of the ring H when the parts are assembled. At the juncture of the two parts or sections of the outer end ring of shell I and I is a shoulder 71, which abuts against a shoulder a formed by enlarging the interior of the outer shell or casing to furnish an en larged cylindrical chaniber a for receiving the enlarged portion 1 of the end ring or shell. The end ring or shell in the construction shown has an interior thread i and is secured fixedly in place by pins i passing throrgh holes 71 a half of each hole being forn" ed in the outer shell or casing and in the end ring or shell, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and when the tool holder or socket is in place and the ring or shell Iis locked in place, the several rings will be held in a fixed relation and firmly in place to form the interior of the main frame or cylinder. A plug J, having a central longitudinal hole j for adniitting pressure, is threaded into the section I of the end ring or sleeve by a threaded neck orend J, and when in place the shoulder y" of the plug abuts closely against the end faces or edges of the outer shell or casing and. the section I of the end ring or shell, so as to nzake a close fit and a tight joint at the abutting edges. The end face of the threaded neck J abuts against the end face of a plug or cap K, inserted in the section I of the outer ring or shell, which cap'is fOl'lTQCl with an end wall 76 and side walls 7c, formed in con1bination with the end face of the threaded neck J, a chamber K, into which pressure flowsfrom the passage 7' when the hammer is in use. The side wall 7r of the plug or cap K has a flange 16 which abuts against a shoul der k on the interior of the section I of the end ring or shell, so that when the plug J is in place the plug or cap K will be held in position. The chamber K has leading therefrom aseries of ports or holes it, which open into a circuniferential groove or channel Z: on the exterior of the side wall of the plrg or cap, and the wall of the section I of the end shell or casing has therein a series of holes or ports i which communicate with a circumferential channel or passage i in the exterior of the wall of the section I, and this channel i is in communication with a chan nel i, which ter'ninates at a point adjacent to the ports or holes d for adn' itting pressure to the channel around the body of the hamnier proper, and extending forwardly from the channels t are channels i each channel vi terminating in line with a lateral port or passage i in the wall of the ring or tl'bG-SGC- tion B for adiritting pressr re to the inside or inner face of the said ring or tLbe-section.

The chamber 7) of the ring or tube section B has located therein a piston or head L, having flanges Z and a connecting-wall Z, in which is a series of ports Z each 601111111111.hcating with a passage Z leading out at the front side of the piston or head, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. extending forwardly therefrom a stem or neck M, which preferably has an octagonal exterior, but could be otherwise formed, and at the forward end of the stem or neck M is a head N, having a hole a to receive the shank of the tool, and, as shown, extending through the neck or stem and into the piston or head, and through the end wall of the head N is a passage m, communicating with a vent-port 'n in the head N, which permits the escape of pressure from the chamber 1) after the hammer proper has executed its stroke or blow. The neck M is encircled by a sleeve 0, made in two sections or halves, as shown in Fig. 5, and having an interior shape to correspond to the exterior shape of the neck, and this sleeve or guide 0 is of a less ICC The head or piston L has length than the length of the neck, so as to allow of the necessary play for the stroke or blow of the hammer proper to advance the tool-holder or chuck, consisting of the head L, neck M, and head N, to operate the tool. The forward end of the sleeve or guide 0 has a shoulder 0 to abut against the flange 0., and the rear end face or edge of the guide or sleeve 0 is abutted against by the end face or edge of the ring or tube section B, so that when the ring or sleeve I is locked in place the sleeve or guide 0 will be held in position. The neck M is of a less diameter than the piston or head L, and between the piston or head L and the end face of the sleeve or guide O and around the neck M is a space 0, into which the passages Z open, so that pressure will be admitted into this space 0 forward of the head or piston, which pressure serves to cushion the stroke of the hammer proper and also serves to furnish a force by which the tool-holder or chuck as a whole and the tool carried thereby will be recoiled or thrown back after each stroke of the hammer proper. The hammer shown isof the hollow type of pneumatic hammers,having a body P with a head or enlarged end 1) and having in the head or enlarged end a plurality of ports p for admitting pressure to the interior of the body to force the hammer forward and deliver the blow and having in its body P a plurality of ports 31 for discharging pressure from the interior of the hammer into the discharge-chamber b to escape therefrom through the hollow holder or chuck or otherwise. The body of the hammer issupported and guided in the ring C, and the head or enlarged end of the hammer normally enters the ring F when in its receded position and when forced forward enters the ring E, so that the rings E and F furnish a guide and support for the head or enlarged end of the hammer.

The main frame or cylinder of the hammer is assembled by encircling the stem M with the divided or split sleeve 0 and then inserting the assembled tool holder or socket into the interior of the outer tube or casing The rings B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are then successively inserted within the outer tube or casing for the ring B to abut against the sleeve or guide 0 and the succeeding rings to abut against the preceding one. After all the rings are in place the ring or sleeve consisting of the sections I and I is inserted in the end of the outer tube or casing,with the end of the section I abutting against the end of the ring H, after whichthe section I of the end ring or shell is fixedly locked in place by the pins i inserted into the holes i holding the assembled interior of the main frame or cylinder firmly in place. The lug K is inserted within the section I .of t 1e end ring or sleeve, and the plug J is threaded into the in terior of the section I of the outer ring or sleeve, completing the assembling of the parts composing the main frame or cylinder and completing the construction of the same ready for use. In use pressure is admitted to the passage of the plug J and enters the chamber K and flows therefrom through the ports or holes la into the channel it and from the channel 76 the pressure flows through the ports i into the channel 5 to enter and flow through the passages i. and pass through the ports or holes (1 into the channel d and through the channel or pas sage 6 flow into the channel or chamber f and enter the interior of the hammer proper through the ports I) to operate and reciprocate the hammer to deliver the blows. The pressure escapes from the interior of the hammer into the chamber 1) through the ports p and from this chamber the pressure can escape through the passage m or otherwise. I

The hammer proper, consisting of the body P and head or enlarged end p, is supported and guided in the ring 0, E and F, and. to withdraw the hammer all that is necessary is to disconnect the plug J from the end of the main frame or cylinder and remove the plug K, when the hammer can be withdrawn through the opening formed by the removal of tie plug, making the withdrawal and insertion of the hammer very quickly and easily accomplished. The rings composing the interior ofthe main frame or cylinder can befittedbefore insertion, and such fitting can be done without waste of time and labor, such as would be required to form the interior of the main frame or cylinder from a solid piece of material. The interior of the main frame or cylinder formed of a plurality of rings enables repairs in case ofwear orbreak age to be quickly made, as it is only necessary to withdraw or remove the outer tube or shell I and I, which can be done by removing the locking-pins i and with the outer ring or shell removed the remaining rings are free to be withdrawn in succession, and when the ring which has been worn or is otherwise out of repair or broken is reached such ring can be replaced by a new one, when the rings can be reinserted and again locked in position by inserting the outer ring or shell in the rear end of the main frame or cylinder and securing such ring or shell fixedly in place by the locking-pins t or in any other suitable manner. The admitting of pressure in front of the head or piston L of the tool-holder or chuck furnishes a cushion to deaden the shock of the hammer in delivering the blow without impairing the effects of the blow, and the pressure admitted to the chamber 0 also serves as a resistance by which the tool-holder or chuck and the tool carried thereby will be forced back or recoiled, after the tool has performed its work, from the delivered blow, and this resistance and recoil is especially'useful with a drill or tool, as it provides for a clearance between the acting edge of the tool and the object being operated upon, and, in addition, in the case of a drill the resistance and rccoii is a preventative against the drill becoming hung up as it is termed, and for dressing stone the resistance and recoil provides for areleasestroke, which is necessary in the use of stonedressing tools.

The pressure admitted to the front of the head or piston L flows through the passages i and ports i when the piston has been forced forward by the stroke of the hammer to bring the passages Z into communication with the ports i through the ports Z and this pressure enters the chamber 0 between the sleeve 0 and the head or piston L of the tool-holder or chuck.

It will be understood that the dimensions of the ring can be varied as required for furnishing the requisite guides and channels for the interior of the main frame or cylinder of the hammer and that such changes in dimensions will not be a departure from the spirit of the invention as regards the construction of the interior of the main frame or cylinder for a hammer in rings arranged-within an outer tube or casing.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a pneumatic hammer, the combination of an outer tube or casing, a plurality of rings entered into the outer tube or casing, the rings varying in width and in thickness of wall and forming guides for supporting the hammer and channels for the admitted pressure to operate the hammer, substantially as described.

2. In a pneumatic hammer, the combination of an outer tube or casing, a plurality of rings entered into the outer tube or casing, the rings varying in width and in thickness of wall and forming guides for supporting the hammer, channels for the admitted pressure to operate the hammer, and a ring or shell i entered into therear end of the outer tube or casing for locking the plurality of rings in place, substantially as described.

3. In a pneumatic hammer, the combination of an outer tube or casing, a plurality of rings entered into the outer tube or casing, the rings varying in width and in thickness of wall and forming guides for supporting the hammer and channels for the adnlitted pressure to operate the hammer, a ring or shell entered into the rear end of the outer tube or casing, and cross-pins interlocking the ring or shell with the outer tube or casing for holding the ring or shell in a fixed relation and locking the plurality of rings in place, substantially as described.

4. In a pneumatic hammer, the combmation of an out er tube or casing, a plurality of rings entered into the outer tube or casing, the rings varying in width and in thickness of wall and forming guides for supporting the hammer and channels for the adrritted pressure to operate the hammer, a ring or shell entered into the rear end of the tube or casing and interlocked therewith, a sleeve or guide at the front end of the tube or casing, and a tool holder or socket carried by the sleeve, substantially as described.

5. In a pneumatic hammer, the combination of an outer tube or casing having in its interior face a series of longitudinal channels, a tool-holder consisting of a piston, a neck and a receiving-head for the shank of the tool the piston having therein a series of passages open to the front side thereof and in communication with the longitudinal channels in the outer tube or casing, and a sleeve encircling the neck of the toolholder or chuck and located at the forward end of the outer tube or casing, substantially as described.

MARTIN HARDSOCG.

\Vitnesses:

EMMET A. WORK, BEN. M. WORK. 

